FCC Moves to Block Chinese Tech from US Undersea Cable Networks Over Security Concerns
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Background: The Critical Role of Undersea Cables
Undersea cables form the backbone of global internet connectivity, carrying more than 95% of international data traffic. These fiber-optic networks stretch across ocean floors, connecting continents and enabling everything from financial transactions to video calls. Given their strategic importance, governments have long viewed them as critical infrastructure—and potential targets for espionage or sabotage.
The U.S. has historically relied on a mix of domestic and foreign suppliers for undersea cable technology. However, in recent years, Chinese firms such as Huawei and HMN Tech (formerly Huawei Marine Networks) have expanded their presence in the sector, raising alarms among U.S. national security officials. These concerns mirror earlier disputes over Chinese involvement in 5G networks, where Huawei and ZTE were banned from U.S. infrastructure over fears of backdoor access by Beijing.
The Growing Influence of Chinese Tech Firms
Chinese companies have rapidly advanced in undersea cable construction and maintenance, offering cost-effective solutions that have attracted global clients. Huawei Marine, for instance, has participated in numerous high-profile projects before being sold to HMN Tech in 2019. While these firms insist their operations are purely commercial, U.S. intelligence agencies argue that Chinese law compels companies to cooperate with state security efforts, making their technology a potential vector for surveillance.
The Issue: National Security Concerns Prompt FCC Action
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is now moving to explicitly ban Chinese-made equipment from undersea cable networks linked to the U.S. A draft order, first reported by Engadget, would prohibit the use of technology produced by Huawei and other Chinese firms deemed national security risks. This measure builds on existing restrictions that bar Chinese telecom gear from terrestrial networks.
FCC Chairwoman Jessica Rosenworcel emphasized the urgency of the move, stating, "The security of our undersea cable infrastructure is not just about connectivity—it's about safeguarding the flow of information that underpins our economy and national defense." The proposal has garnered bipartisan support, reflecting broader U.S. efforts to counter China’s technological influence.
Statements from U.S. Officials
Senator Mark Warner, chair of the Senate Intelligence Committee, praised the FCC’s initiative, calling it a "necessary step to protect against covert data collection." Meanwhile, the Chinese Embassy in Washington dismissed the allegations as "baseless paranoia," accusing the U.S. of politicizing trade and stifling competition.
Development: The FCC’s Proposed Ban and Its Implications
The FCC’s draft order would require U.S. undersea cable operators to remove and replace any existing Chinese-made equipment, a process that could take years and cost billions. The agency is also expected to tighten approval processes for new cable projects involving foreign suppliers, particularly those from China.
Industry experts warn that the ban could disrupt global cable projects already in development. "Many undersea consortia include international partners, and excluding Chinese technology may delay or complicate these ventures," said a telecommunications analyst who requested anonymity due to the sensitivity of the issue.
Timeline of U.S. Actions Against Chinese Telecom Firms
The FCC’s latest move follows years of escalating restrictions. In 2019, Huawei was added to the Entity List, barring U.S. firms from selling it components without government approval. The Secure and Trusted Communications Networks Act of 2020 further mandated the removal of Chinese equipment from U.S. networks. Now, undersea cables—previously a gray area—are being brought under similar scrutiny.
Impact: Global Repercussions and Industry Response
The ban could reshape the undersea cable industry, forcing operators to seek alternatives from Western firms like SubCom or Japan’s NEC. However, these companies may struggle to meet sudden demand, potentially driving up costs and slowing expansion.
Cybersecurity analysts argue that the risks justify the disruption. "These cables are high-value targets," said one expert. "If compromised, they could enable mass interception of sensitive data or even physical sabotage during geopolitical crises."
Analysis: A Broader Tech Decoupling?
The FCC’s action is part of a wider U.S. strategy to reduce dependence on Chinese technology, spanning semiconductors, AI, and telecommunications. While proponents frame it as a necessary defense measure, critics warn of a fragmented internet and heightened tensions between the world’s two largest economies.
As the draft order moves toward a vote, its passage seems likely. The question now is how China will respond—and whether other nations will follow the U.S. lead in scrutinizing undersea cable security.
