How to Recognize and Respond to Heat Exhaustion and Heatstroke
📷 Image source: ichef.bbci.co.uk
As temperatures rise globally, heat-related illnesses like heat exhaustion and heatstroke are becoming increasingly common. Recognizing the symptoms and knowing how to respond can save lives. Here’s what you need to know to identify and act in such emergencies.
**Heat Exhaustion: Signs and First Aid**
Heat exhaustion occurs when the body loses excessive water and salt through sweating. Symptoms include heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, nausea, headache, and muscle cramps. The skin may feel cool and clammy, and the pulse is often rapid but weak.
If you suspect someone has heat exhaustion, move them to a cooler place immediately. Encourage them to lie down and elevate their legs slightly. Provide water or a sports drink to rehydrate, and cool their skin with a damp cloth or fan. Monitor their condition closely; if symptoms persist or worsen, seek medical help.
**Heatstroke: A Medical Emergency**
Heatstroke is far more severe and requires urgent attention. It happens when the body’s temperature regulation fails, and core temperature rises above 40°C (104°F). Symptoms include hot, dry skin (no sweating), confusion, seizures, and loss of consciousness. The pulse may be strong and rapid.
In cases of heatstroke, call emergency services immediately. While waiting, move the person to a shaded or cool area. Use whatever means available to cool them down—apply ice packs to the armpits and groin, immerse them in cool water, or fan them. Do not give fluids if they are unconscious.
**Prevention is Key**
To avoid heat-related illnesses, stay hydrated, wear lightweight clothing, and avoid strenuous activity during peak heat hours. Check on vulnerable individuals, such as the elderly or those with chronic illnesses, as they are at higher risk.
Climate change is making extreme heat more frequent, so understanding these conditions is crucial for public health. Always err on the side of caution and seek professional help when in doubt.
